Conveners
Radiation Chemistry: RCH 1
- Simon Pimblott (Idaho National Laboratory)
- Václav Čuba (CTU in Prague - FNSPE, Department of Nuclear Chemistry)
Radiation Chemistry: RCH Poster
- There are no conveners in this block
Ionizing radiation in the molten salt reactor environment will drive chemical changes in the composition of the salt and induce additional pathways for corrosive degradation of reactor components. Although the products of radiolysis are largely expected to recombine in the high-temperature molten salts, even a small mechanistic leakage out of the recombination cycle will result in substantial...
Combined external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known to have much more favourable disease outcome due to synergistic working, e.g., DNA repair inhibition by drugs making ionizing radiation more potent. However, anti-tumour drugs are known to cause severe adverse effects since they attack healthy fast dividing cells besides cancer cells. To minimize the systemic toxicity of such...
In the past, the effects of high dose rate of low-LET radiation on the radiation-chemical yields of liquid chemical dosimeters have been systematically studied only for the case of microsecond-length pulses that delivered high peak doses (> 100 Gy). In this study, yields of four different chemical dosimeters were determined at very high dose rates (~1012 Gy/s) but at low peak doses...
Presently transportation is responsible for nearly a third of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide and is one of the major contributing factors to global warming. [1] Renewable energy sources in combination with electrochemical devices for energy storage have partially been able to mitigate these problems. It is conceivable to replace traditional combustion engines with environmentally friendly...
As a part of a project aiming at the post-fabrication modification of 3D-printed objects by radiation processing, we are currently investigating the formation of gold nanoparticles by irradiating poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)-based hydrogels, swollen with aqueous Au(III) solutions.
The radiolytic behavior of PHEMA has apparently not been deeply investigated nor reported in the...
Initially, the catalyst was modified in an oxygen medium under the influence of surface radiation. The conversion processes were compared on the surface of compacted and unmodified catalysts, in the range ∆T = 380 ÷ 420oC, the yield of gaseous and liquid products from the conversion of hexane in a mini-flow reactor was studied. The output of the products was monitored with IR and UV...
The natural organic matter present in uranium deposits (coal, amber-like fossil resins, bitumen) plays an important role in the transport, accumulation and mineralization of uranium in sediments, and it is also a sensitive marker allowing characterization of the depositional and diagenetic history of sedimentary formations. The energy transferred by ionizing radiation to organic matter can...
In previous study of the effects of irradiation on Escherichia coli DBM 272 bacteria, we found that simple alcohols such as methanol or ethanol decrease the radiation sensitivity of cells towards ionizing radiation, probably by scavenging OH radicals in the irradiated system. A similar effect of decrease in radiation sensitivity occurred when the system was irradiated with UV-C (254 nm)...
Cabinet X-ray instruments are used in various fields. They are primarily used for security screening or industrial quality control. Security applications comprise airport baggage security screening, cargo inspection of trucks crossing international borders and food inspection to check for foreign objects; industrial applications often involve circuit board inspection to find defects or tire...
Applications of polymeric hydrogels in the biomedical field include contact lenses, artificial corneas, wound dressing, coating for sutures, catheters, and electrode sensors. Polymeric hydrogels have the property of absorbing and retaining different amounts of water due to their three-dimensional networks constitution. These hydrogels can be produced by chemical polymerization or by...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical treatment that uses light to activate a photosensitizer which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) able to destroy tumor cells. Photosensitizers are nontoxic in dark until they are activated by a specific wavelength of light and then generate different ROS, such as singlet oxygen 1O2, superoxide anion (·O2-) and hydroxyl radicals(·OH), which are quite...
Radiation- and photo-chemical synthesis is a promising tool for large-scale preparation of nanocrystalline powder scintillators. Our studies to date include many scintillating material groups: simple oxides (Al2O3, ZnO, ZrO2, HfO2) or multicomponent oxides, namely garnets (YAG, LuAG, GGAG, etc.). Photochemical method also allows the preparation of non-oxidic materials, for example sulfides...
There was studied the conversion of cellulose into liquid and gaseous products in the high-temperature range under the influence of ionizing radiation. There was found that at high temperatures, the yield of gaseous products prevails at the values of the absorbed dose D≤10 kGy, and at higher doses, the yield of liquid and solid phase products prevails. This is due to the processes of...
RADIOLYTIC PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN SELF-IRRADIATED AND GAMMA IRRADIATION SOLID STATE $CA^{14}CO_{3}$: NEW DATA
Abstract.
Both auto-radiolysis and gamma irradiation induce transformations in solid powdered $Ca^{14}CO_{3}$. Liquid chromatography followed by liquid scintillation counting were used to identify eight compounds after aqueous dissolution of the irradiated samples. The...
In the design and construction of nuclear power plants, a number of specialized concretes are used, such as TsKS, TsKS-M, OKA and OKA-M. However, concrete properties and project strength characteristics may change during nuclear power plant operation (design value is 60 years) under the radiation influence. Therefore, the aim of this work is the study of characteristics of specialized concrete...
