Activated carbon (AC) is pores space bounded by the carbon atoms. Pores of AC are directive for its application. It was shown that, surface modified form of carbon-based materials, are promising sorbents for separation of various radionuclides. In our study 5 AC adsorbents (A-E) are prepared from cellulose wool by treating with different solutions and carbonized at the temperatures of...
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as an interesting type of neoteric solvents and have shown their usefulness as environmentally benign sustainable alternative to the conventional organic solvents 1. DESs are eutectic mixtures of Lewis and Brӧnsted acids and bases, which can contain a variety of anionic and cationic species 2. The use of DESs in chemical synthesis and chemical...
Complex formation between actinide (An = Pu(IV), Th(IV), Am(III) and U(VI) and a hydrophilic anionic form of SO3-Ph-BTP4– ligand, L4–, in water was studied by liquid-liquid extraction experiments performed over a range of the ligand and HNO3 concentrations in the aqueous phase, at a constant concentration of nitrate anions at 25°C. The competition for An ions between the lipophilic TODGA...
The NaBiO3 nano-sheets were syntheized by a facile method of oxidizing Bi3+ in alkaline solution. The as-syntheized products were used to adsorb Ce3+ in solution and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. The results show that the synthized products have nano-sheets structure with a size of ~50 nm and high selective adsorption performance on Ce3+. After adsorbtion of Ce3+, all Na cations in...
The wide use of radioactive materials in human activities leads to the accumulation of a significant amount of radioactive waste (RW). Therefore search for safe methods of handling with RW and analytical determination of their content in environment becomes the most urgent tasks. At present, uranium mining, nuclear fuel production, treatment of various types of RW, civil and military nuclear...
Fluorinated diluents have been considered as possible alternative for hydrocarbons. Among their advantages one can list particulary their chemical stability and in many cases high polarity. Unfortunately, the best studied polar fluorinated diluents such as meta- nitrobenzotrifluoride (F-3, MNBTF) or phenyl trifluoromethyl sulfone ( FS-13, PMTS) have density about 1.41 g/cm$^{3}$ and higher...
The bio-sorbent used in the study was prepared from wood-decay fungus Fomes fomentarius. The chemical modification of bio-sorbent with ferric hexacyanoferrate(II) (Prussian blue) for cesium sorption studies was used. The surface area was calculated by adsorption of argon at 77 K, in accordance to the method of Brunauer et. al, 1938. The surface area of the 0.5 mm grains was 39 m2 g-1. In...
Solving the problem of ensuring of the radioactive waste safe management from NPP is very relevant in the world due to the intensive development of nuclear energy, as well as environmental pollution because of technogenic accidents at NPP (Chernobyl, Fukushima). Natural aluminosilicates and modified products based on them can be promising materials for purification from radionuclides of...
A theory of concurrent sorption as an instrument for predicting the conditions for desorption of radionuclides, Sr(II) in particular, from “contaminated solid – water” systems is formulated in this presentation. Typical isotherms of concurrent sorption are presented. Based on the sorption isotherm we analyze the possibility of desorption of traces of Sr(II) and Sr-90 from ion-exchange...
The radioactive solid wastes from research reactor and facilities consist of soft wastes, disassembled equipment, laboratory supplies used during research activities, filters and ion exchange resins used in the purification of gas and liquid effluents, and other various type of combustible materials. According to the regulation for low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes in Korea, gross...
Radioactive waste contains large amounts of hazardous radionuclides. Among them, long lived radionuclides of 137Cs (half-life-time of 30 years) and 90Sr (half-life-time of 28 years) are considered as the most dangerous to human health and environment. The ion exchange technology is one of the most commonly used methods for safe treatment of radionuclide waste.
In the presented work, new...
Salophen modified biochar fibres derived from Luffa cylindrica sponges were prepared and subsequently studied as a potential U(VI) adsorbent by batch equilibrium experiments. The material was characterized before and after U(VI) adsorption by spectroscopic and microscopic methods of analysis. FTIR and SEM investigations revealed that the salophen modification of the biochar surface was...
The radionuclide lutetium-177 has become one of the preferred radionuclides for targeted therapy. The low tissue penetration of the emitted β- particles assures an efficient energy deposition on small size tumours (less than 3 mm) and a low radiation dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. This is especially useful when 177Lu is combined with different targeting molecules, which are...
Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) enable physical, chemical or biological in situ treatment of contaminated groundwater by bringing it into contact with reactive materials. The reactive material is inserted underground in a natural aquifer and intercepts the pollution plume as it is carried along within the aquifer. Thus the contaminants are treated with neither wholesale soil excavation nor...
The removal of the minor actinides americium(III) and curium(III) from spent nuclear fuel is currently being studied worldwide as part of an ongoing strategy to reduce its long-term heat load and radiotoxicity. This strategy aims to close the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle and ultimately increase the safety and sustainability of civil nuclear energy. Within the framework of several EU...
The applicability of MnO2-resin for the selective separation of Ra(II) from aqueous solutions containing also U(VI) and Eu(III) has been investigated as a function of solution pH and salinity. The measurements were performed by LSC for radium and by spectrophotometry for uranium and europium, using Arsenazo-III. According to the experimental results the maximum chemical recovery of the...
Increasing demand of high-purity and radiopharmaceutical grade radionuclides leads to the research and development of new, fast, simple and cost-effective separation methods. The most frequently used separation methods in nuclear medicine are liquid-liquid extraction or chromatographic methods. For example, the radionuclide 223Ra for targeted alpha-particle therapy is exclusively...
Ivanets A.I.1, Prozorovich V.G.1, Kouznetsova T.F.1, Radkevich A.V.2, Milutin V.V.3
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
2Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – Sosny of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
3A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
Ivanets@igic.bas-net.by
Currently, sorption...
In the Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) technology, minor actinides burning to shorter-lived radionuclides can happen in Accelerator-Driven Transmuters (ADT) or in the GEN IV nuclear reactors. Among the fuel matrices considered to embed minor actinides for burning, inert matrices composed of molybdenum metal (CerMet fuel) or inert ceramic magnesium oxide matrix (CerCer fuel) are high on...
The aim of this study is develop a procedure to separation of iodine from intermediate level radioactive waste. The total activity of radionuclide 129I is limited in near surface repository Mochovce and the total limit is 4.58*10E+11 Bq. Proposed procedure consists of several separation and preconcentration steps like distillation, extraction chromatography by means CL-Resin and precipitation....
CeO2 solids of different surface areas have been prepared by sol-gel reverse micelles method using non ionic surfactant Triton X-100. The samples have then characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, SEM microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of the BET surface area/surface groups of the solids on the U(VI) adsorption has been investigated by batch-type experiments and evaluated by...
The present study shows the efficiency of various inorganic acids as shelf deposition solutions and their effects on nickel plates of 99% purity, 25 mm diameter and 0.50 mm of thickness [1]. 0.5M, 2M and 0.1M hydrochloric acid solutions in addition to 0.1M and 0.5M solutions of nitric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric and phosphoric acid were studied and compared.
Tap water was used as matrix,...
Adsorption of Th(IV) by Luffa Cylindrica sponges after controlled surface oxidation by nitric acid has been investigated by batch-type experiments as a function of various physicochemical parameters (e.g. adsorption capacity, pH, ionic strength, mass of the adsorbent, temperature and contact time). Fitting of the experimental results reveal that even under strong acidic conditions the relative...
Spent fuel is generated during power reactor operation in the form of spent fuel assemblies. Spent fuel assemblies are placed to at-reactor spent fuel pool for cooling, reducing of fission products radioactivity and radiation protection of staff. During storage of spent fuel assemblies radionuclides, both fission and activation origin, get to solution of spent fuel pool. Radionuclides,...
Adsorption of uranium(IV) by pine needles prior and after carbonization and following surface oxidation has been investigated by batch-type experiments as a function of various parameters (e.g. pH, [U(VI)]ο, I, T), and the adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and SEM measurements. The experimental data have been well fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the highest adsorption...
